Parental stress during pregnancy and maternity.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to parental stress of women during pregnancy and the child's first month of life. METHOD: Prospective longitudinal study in two stages. Analysis of home interviews with 121 participants, Gestational Stress Scale, and Parental Stress Scale. Fisher's exact test, Spearman's correlation, and linear and logistic multivariate regression were applied, with p < 0.05. RESULTS: Most of the participants were between 18 and 35 years old, had 11 to 13 years of education, had no paid work, had a partner, usually the child's father, planned pregnancy, were multiparous, and underwent prenatal care. During pregnancy, 67.8% had stress. In the first month after the child's birth, most had low parental stress (52.1%). High parental stress correlated with some gestational stress. Planning pregnancy decreased parental stress. CONCLUSION: Gestational and parental stress in the child's first month of life were correlated and pregnancy planning was a factor that reduced stress levels. Timely actions to reduce parental stress are essential for parenting and the child's overall health.

Parental stress during pregnancy and maternity / El estrés parental en el embarazo y en la maternidad / Estresse parental na gestação e maternidade

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify factors related to parental stress of women during pregnancy and the child's first month of life. Method: Prospective longitudinal study in two stages. Analysis of home interviews with 121 participants, Gestational Stress Scale, and Parental Stress Scale. Fisher's exact test, Spearman's correlation, and linear and logistic multivariate regression were applied, with p < 0.05. Results: Most of the participants were between 18 and 35 years old, had 11 to 13 years of education, had no paid work, had a partner, usually the child's father, planned pregnancy, were multiparous, and underwent prenatal care. During pregnancy, 67.8% had stress. In the first month after the child's birth, most had low parental stress (52.1%). High parental stress correlated with some gestational stress. Planning pregnancy decreased parental stress. Conclusion: Gestational and parental stress in the child's first month of life were correlated and pregnancy planning was a factor that reduced stress levels. Timely actions to reduce parental stress are essential for parenting and the child's overall health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar factores relacionados con el estrés parental de la mujer durante el embarazo y el primer mes de vida del niño. Método: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo en dos etapas. Análisis de entrevistas domiciliarias con 121 participantes, Escala de Estrés Gestacional y Estrés Parental. Se aplicó la prueba exacta de Fisher, correlación de Spearman y regresión multivariada lineal y logística, con p < 0,05. Resultados: La mayoría de las participantes tenía entre 18 y 35 años, tenía entre 11 y 13 años de escolaridad, no tenía trabajo remunerado, tenía pareja, generalmente el padre del niño, embarazo planificado, multípara y realizó control prenatal. Durante el embarazo, el 67,8% tuvo estrés. En el primer mes después del nacimiento del hijo, la mayoría presentó bajo estrés parental (52,1%). El estrés parental alto se correlacionó con algo de estrés gestacional. La planificación del embarazo disminuyó el estrés parental. Conclusión: El estrés gestacional y parental en el primer mes de vida del niño se correlacionaron y la planificación del embarazo fue un factor en la reducción de los niveles de estrés. Las acciones oportunas para reducir el estrés parental son esenciales para la responsabilidad parental y la salud general del niño.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores relacionados ao estresse parental de mulheres na gestação e primeiro mês de vida da criança. Método: Estudo longitudinal prospectivo em duas etapas. Análise de entrevistas em domicílio com 121 participantes, Escala de Estresse Gestacional e de Estresse Parental. Aplicados teste exato de Fisher, correlação de Spearman e regressão multivariada linear e logística, com p < 0,05. Resultados: A maior parcela das participantes tinha entre 18 e 35 anos, 11 a 13 anos de estudo, sem trabalho remunerado, com companheiro, geralmente o pai da criança, gestação planejada, multípara e realização do pré-natal. Na gestação, 67,8% apresentaram estresse. No primeiro mês após o nascimento do filho, a maioria teve baixo estresse parental (52,1%). Estresse parental alto apresentou correlação com algum estresse gestacional. Planejar a gestação diminuiu o estresse parental. Conclusão: Estresse gestacional e parental no primeiro mês de vida da criança foram correlacionados e o planejamento da gestação constituiu fator de diminuição dos níveis de estresse. Ações oportunas para reduzir o estresse parental são fundamentais para a parentalidade e saúde integral da criança.

Influências do uso de telas digitais no desenvolvimento social na primeira infância: estudo de revisão / Influences of digital screen use on early childhood social development: review study / Influencias de la utilización de pantallas digitales en el desarrollo social de la primera infancia: estudio de revisión

Objetivo: identificar os conhecimentos científicos sobre influências do uso de telas digitais no desenvolvimento na primeira infância. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida em cinco etapas com levantamento em cinco bases de dados (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, SCOPUS e Web of Science). Foram selecionados estudos sobre uso de telas digitais (computadores, tablets, telefones móveis e televisão) na primeira infância, publicados entre 2010 e 2020. Resultados: os 26 artigos científicos analisados enfocam consumo, exposição e inclusão de telas na rotina infantil. O uso rotineiro mostra mudanças de comportamentos, importância de regras para horários e conteúdo, acompanhamento de cuidadores parentais, preocupações com socialização e riscos do uso precoce. Conclusão: a síntese integrativa indica vulnerabilidades e potencialidades, com necessidade de momentos compartilhados e reconfiguração das interações sociais na primeira infância. Elementos sobre consumo e exposição às telas digitais na primeira infância trazem subsídios às dimensões relacional, educativa e comunicativa do cuidado de enfermagem e na interlocução com boas práticas parentais.

Objective: to identify scientific knowledge about the influences of digital screen use on early childhood development. Method: this five-stage integrative literature review surveyed five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science), selecting studies published between 2010 and 2020 on the use of digital screens (computers, tablets, mobile phones and television) in early childhood. Results: the 26 scientific papers selected addressed screen consumption, exposure, and inclusion in children's routines. Routine use showed changes in behavior, the importance of rules for schedules and content, monitoring by parental caregivers, socialization concerns, and risks of early use. Conclusion: the integrative synthesis indicated vulnerabilities and potentials, and the need for shared moments and a reconfiguration of social interactions in early childhood. Data on digital screen consumption and exposure in early childhood inform the relational, educational, and communicative dimensions of nursing care and dialogue with good parenting practices.

Objetivo: identificar el conocimiento científico sobre las influencias de la utilización de pantallas digitales en el desarrollo en la primera infancia. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura desarrollada em cinco etapas con encuesta realizada en cinco bases de datos (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, SCOPUS y Web of Science). Se han seleccionado estudios sobre la utilización de pantallas digitales (computadoras, tabletas, teléfonos móviles y televisión) en la primera infancia, publicados entre 2010 y 2020. Resultados: los 26 artículos científicos analizados se centran en el consumo, la exposición y la inclusión de las pantallas en la rutina infantil. La utilización rutinaria muestra cambios en el comportamiento, la importancia de las reglas para los horarios y el contenido, el seguimiento de cuidadores parentales, las preocupaciones con la socialización y los riesgos de su utilización temprana. Conclusión: la síntesis integradora indica vulnerabilidades y potencialidades, con la necesidad de momentos compartidos y reconfiguración de las interacciones sociales en la primera infancia. Elementos sobre consumo y exposición a pantallas digitales en la primera infancia aportan subsidios a las dimensiones relacional, educadora y comunicativa del cuidado de enfermería y en la interlocución con las buenas prácticas parentales.

Matching between maternal knowledge about infant development and care for children under one year old.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze maternal knowledge about infant development and its matching to the care offered to children during their first year of life. METHOD: a longitudinal and prospective study, in the stages of pregnancy and of the child's 12th/13th month of life. Interviews were applied to 121 women in a Brazilian city, based on 21 items selected from the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory, related to the first year of life. Calculation of rates of correct answers was used, as well as regression by Ordinary Least Squares and White's standard error. RESULTS: the participants who answered correctly more aspects have more years of study, are older and present high family incomes. When the "having a partner or not" variable was considered, the correct answers presented a discrete fluctuation. Regarding the themes, there were more correct answers to aspects about health, safety and infant development milestones. Primiparous mothers were more likely to wean, overprotect and have children using electronic devices, and less likely to seek information about child care. CONCLUSION: there was matching between some maternal knowledge and execution of child care. The connection between them is relevant to indicate in detail the unknowns and uncertainties and to improve positive knowledge, contributing to promoting early childhood development.

Health surveillance and development of children with congenital Zika Virus syndrome: an integrative literature review / Vigilância à saúde e desenvolvimento de crianças com síndrome congênita Zika vírus: revisão integrativa da literatura

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify scientific knowledge about the attention to health surveillance and development of Brazilian children under the age of three years involving the Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) Syndrome. Data sources: This is an integrative literature review of primary studies with Brazilian children under three years of age from 2015 to 2019. The searches were carried out in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS and Web of Science. It was carried out by crossing the keywords in English (child, child development and Zika virus) and in Portuguese (criança, desenvolvimento infantil e Zika vírus), with the combination of the Boolean operator "AND". Data synthesis: The knowledge produced is related to the specific health and development problems of children affected by the Congenital ZIKV Syndrome, with clinical characteristics, care demands, multiprofessional performance, health monitoring and surveillance needs. Conclusions: This integrative review synthesized scientific knowledge by adding aspects that reinforce the relevance of appropriate approaches to assess and care for children, linked to the engagement of caregivers, the need to document, evaluate and track the situations of children in early childhood and long-term, management coordination of care and its challenges in the context of primary health care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os conhecimentos científicos sobre a atenção à vigilância à saúde e o desenvolvimento de crianças brasileiras menores de três anos envolvendo a síndrome congênita do Zika vírus. Fontes de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, do período de 2015 a 2019, de estudos primários com crianças brasileiras menores de três anos de idade. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus e Web of Science. Foi realizado cruzamento das palavras-chave em inglês (child, child development e Zika virus) e em português (criança, desenvolvimento infantil e Zika vírus), com a combinação do operador booleano and. Síntese dos dados: Os conhecimentos produzidos estão relacionados aos problemas específicos de saúde e desenvolvimento das crianças afetadas pela síndrome congênita do Zika vírus, com características clínicas, demandas de cuidados, atuação multiprofissional, necessidades de monitoramento e vigilância à saúde. Conclusões: Esta revisão integrativa sintetizou conhecimentos científicos adicionando aspectos que reforçam a relevância de abordagens adequadas para avaliar as crianças e cuidar delas, articulado ao engajamento dos cuidadores, à necessidade de documentar, avaliar e rastrear as situações das crianças na primeira infância e em longo alcance, à gestão coordenada do cuidado e aos seus desafios no contexto da atenção primária à saúde.

Matching between maternal knowledge about infant development and care for children under one year old / Correspondência entre conhecimentos maternos sobre desenvolvimento infantil e cuidados de crianças menores de um ano / Correspondencia entre el conocimiento materno sobre el desarrollo infantil y el cuidado de los niños menores de un año

Abstract Objective: to analyze maternal knowledge about infant development and its matching to the care offered to children during their first year of life. Method: a longitudinal and prospective study, in the stages of pregnancy and of the child's 12th/13th month of life. Interviews were applied to 121 women in a Brazilian city, based on 21 items selected from the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory, related to the first year of life. Calculation of rates of correct answers was used, as well as regression by Ordinary Least Squares and White's standard error. Results: the participants who answered correctly more aspects have more years of study, are older and present high family incomes. When the "having a partner or not" variable was considered, the correct answers presented a discrete fluctuation. Regarding the themes, there were more correct answers to aspects about health, safety and infant development milestones. Primiparous mothers were more likely to wean, overprotect and have children using electronic devices, and less likely to seek information about child care. Conclusion: there was matching between some maternal knowledge and execution of child care. The connection between them is relevant to indicate in detail the unknowns and uncertainties and to improve positive knowledge, contributing to promoting early childhood development.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar os conhecimentos maternos sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e sua correspondência aos cuidados ofertados à criança no primeiro ano de vida. Método: estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, nas etapas da gestação e 12º/13º mês da criança. Foram aplicadas entrevistas a 121 mulheres de um município brasileiro, baseadas em 21 itens selecionados do Inventário de Conhecimento sobre o Desenvolvimento Infantil, relativos ao primeiro ano de vida. Utilizou-se o cálculo de taxas de acertos, regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários e erro padrão de White. Resultados: as participantes que acertaram mais aspectos possuem mais anos de estudo, mais idade e renda familiar elevada. Os acertos quando considerada a variável "ter ou não companheiro/a" apresentaram discreta oscilação. Quanto às temáticas, acertaram mais aspectos sobre saúde, segurança e marcos do desenvolvimento infantil. Mães primíparas apresentaram maior probabilidade de desmame, superproteção e da criança ter contato com aparelhos eletrônicos, e menor probabilidade de buscar informações sobre cuidados infantis. Conclusão: houve correspondência entre alguns conhecimentos maternos e a execução dos cuidados da criança. A conexão entre eles é relevante para indicar detalhadamente os desconhecimentos e as incertezas e aprimorar os saberes positivos, contribuindo para promover o desenvolvimento na primeira infância.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento materno sobre el desarrollo infantil y su correspondencia con el cuidado que se le brinda al niño en el primer año de vida. Método: estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, en las etapas de gestación y de los 12/13 meses del niño. Se les realizaron entrevistas a 121 mujeres de un municipio brasileño, basadas en 21 ítems seleccionados del Inventario de Conocimiento sobre Desarrollo Infantil, relacionados con el primer año de vida. Se utilizó el cálculo de las tasas de aciertos, la regresión de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios y el error estándar de White. Resultados: las participantes que tuvieron una mayor cantidad de aciertos tienen más escolaridad, más edad e ingreso familiar alto. Los aciertos vinculados a la variable "tener pareja o no" mostraron una ligera oscilación. En cuanto a los temas, se registraron más aciertos en los ítems sobre salud, seguridad e hitos del desarrollo infantil. Las madres primíparas presentaron mayor probabilidad de destete, sobreprotección y de que el niño estuviera en contacto con dispositivos electrónicos, y menor probabilidad de buscar información sobre el cuidado infantil. Conclusión: hubo correspondencia entre algunos conocimientos maternos y los cuidados que le brindaron al niño. La conexión entre ellos es importante para indicar detalladamente las incógnitas y las dudas y mejorar el conocimiento positivo, que contribuye a promover el desarrollo infantil temprano.

Health surveillance and development of children with congenital Zika Virus syndrome: an integrative literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify scientific knowledge about the attention to health surveillance and development of Brazilian children under the age of three years involving the Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) Syndrome. DATA SOURCES: This is an integrative literature review of primary studies with Brazilian children under three years of age from 2015 to 2019. The searches were carried out in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SCOPUS and Web of Science. It was carried out by crossing the keywords in English (child, child development and Zika virus) and in Portuguese (criança, desenvolvimento infantil e Zika vírus), with the combination of the Boolean operator "AND". DATA SYNTHESIS: The knowledge produced is related to the specific health and development problems of children affected by the Congenital ZIKV Syndrome, with clinical characteristics, care demands, multiprofessional performance, health monitoring and surveillance needs. CONCLUSIONS: This integrative review synthesized scientific knowledge by adding aspects that reinforce the relevance of appropriate approaches to assess and care for children, linked to the engagement of caregivers, the need to document, evaluate and track the situations of children in early childhood and long-term, management coordination of care and its challenges in the context of primary health care.

Using geo-spatial analysis for assessing the risk of hospital admissions due to community-acquired pneumonia in under-5 children and its association with socially vulnerable areas (Brazil).

BACKGROUND: The concentration of under-5 child morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in developing countries reflects the social inequities. This study aimed to map and assess the spatial risk for hospitalization due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia in children under 5 years of age and its association with vulnerable areas. METHODS: Ecological study in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study population consisted of hospitalized under-5 children, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, in Ribeirão Preto-São Paulo-Brazil, from 2012 to 2013. Data were collected in different databases, by a trained team, between March 2012 and August 2013 and from the 2010 Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The 956 urban census tracts were considered as the units of analysis. The incidence of cases per 10,000 inhabitants was calculated by census tracts during the study period. For the identification of the spatial risk clusters, the Kernel density estimator and the Getis-Ord Gi* technique were performed. Generalized additive models were used to verify the association between areas with social vulnerability and the occurrence of childhood pneumonia. RESULTS: The study included 265 children under the age of five, hospitalized due to community-acquired pneumonia. A concentration of cases was identified in the regions with greater social vulnerability (low income, poor housing conditions and homelessness), as well as a lower occurrence of cases in the most developed and economically privileged area of the city. The majority of the children lived in territories served by traditional primary healthcare units, in which the health surveillance and family and community focus are limited. It is important to highlight that the tracts with the highest degrees of vulnerability, such as those identified as high vulnerability (urban) and very high vulnerability (subnormal urban clusters). CONCLUSIONS: The results contribute to the comprehension of the social factors involved in child hospitalization due to pneumonia, based on the analysis of the spatial distribution. This approach revealed a strategic tool for diagnosing the disparities as well presenting evidences for the planning in health and strength health care system in achieving equity, welfare and social protection of children.

Intervenção educativa com mães jovens: aquisição de saberes sobre cuidados da criança / Intervención educativa con madres jóvenes: adquisición de saberes sobre cuidados del niño / Educational intervention involving young mothers: gaining knowledge on childcare

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar os saberes das mães jovens sobre o cuidado cotidiano da criança a partir de intervenção educativa, em busca de subsídios ao cuidado integral à saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e de intervenção, desenvolvido com 20 mães entre 16 e 25 anos de idade com filhos menores de três anos, pertencentes à área de abrangência de uma unidade de saúde da família. A intervenção educativa foi baseada em cinco dinâmicas grupais e lúdicas, com avaliação por meio de pré e pós teste, abordando temas sobre nutrição, higiene, prevenção de acidentes domésticos, manejo da criança doente em casa e o desenvolvimento nos três primeiros anos de vida das crianças, antes, imediatamente depois da intervenção e cinco meses após a intervenção. Resultados: Com intervenção educativa intragrupo, no pré teste, os saberes das mães variaram entre os índices bom e ótimo, e houve uma parcela com classificações regulares e insuficientes em alguns temas. No pós-teste realizado imediatamente após a intervenção, os saberes foram classificados entre bom e ótimo, enquanto que no teste pós-intervenção, aplicado cinco meses após a educação em saúde, os índices regular e insuficiente voltam a se apresentar. Conclusão: A aquisição de saberes das mães aponta que a intervenção educativa por meio de jogos configura uma estratégia satisfatória na educação em saúde sobre o cuidado à saúde da criança. Contudo, os resultados sugerem a importância da continuidade das ações educativas em diversos momentos e contextos para garantir a sustentabilidade dos saberes e práticas, contribuindo para a integralidade do cuidado à saúde.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los saberes de madres jóvenes sobre el cuidado cotidiano del niño, a partir de intervención educativa buscando respaldar el cuidado integral de salud. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y de intervención, desarrollado con 20 madres de entre 16 y 25 años, con hijos menores de tres años, residentes en área de influencia de una unidad de salud de la familia. La intervención consistió en cinco dinámicas grupales, con evaluación previa y posterior, abordando temas sobre nutrición, higiene, prevención de accidentes domésticos, cuidado del niño enfermo en casa y desarrollo durante los primeros tres años de vida del niño, antes, inmediatamente después de la intervención y cinco meses después de ella. Resultados: Con intervención educativa intragrupal, previa a la prueba, los saberes de las madres variaron entre los índices bueno y óptimo, habiendo existido un segmento con calificaciones regulares e insuficientes en algunos temas. Inmediatamente luego de la intervención, los saberes fueron clasificados entre bueno y óptimo, mientras que en la prueba posintervención, aplicada cinco meses después, los índices regular e insuficiente volvieron a surgir. Conclusión: La adquisición de saberes de las madres expresa que la intervención educativa a través de juegos configura una estrategia satisfactoria en la educación sanitaria sobre el cuidado de la salud del niño. No obstante, los resultados sugieren la importancia de la continuidad de las acciones educativas en diversos momentos y contextos, para asegurar la sustentabilidad de los saberes y prácticas, contribuyendo a la integralidad del cuidado de salud.

Abstract Objective: Identify the knowledge of young mothers about daily childcare through an educational intervention, in search of support for comprehensive health care. Methods: Descriptive intervention study, involving 20 mothers between 16 and 25 years of age with children under three years of age, within the coverage area of a family health service. The educational intervention was based on five playful group dynamics, assessed by means of a pre and post-test, addressing themes about nutrition, hygiene, household accident prevention, managing a sick child at home and development in the first three months of the children's lives, before, immediately after the intervention and five months after the interventions. Results: Using an intragroup educational intervention, in the pretest, the mothers' knowledge ranged between good and excellent, a part being classified as regular and insufficient on some themes. In the post-test taken immediately after the intervention, the knowledge was classified between good and excellent while, in the post-intervention test, applied five months after the health education, the classifications regular and insufficient return. Conclusion: The mothers' knowledge gaining appoints that the educational intervention through games is a satisfactory strategy in health education about child healthcare. Nevertheless, the results suggest that it is important to keep up the educational actions at different times and in different contexts to guarantee the sustainability of knowledge and practices, contributing to comprehensive health care.